William Shakespeares The Tempest, was first performed in 1611 and was the last play that Shakespeare wrote Essay Example For Students

William Shakespeares The Tempest, was first performed in 1611 and was the last play that Shakespeare wrote Essay William Shakespeares The Tempest, was first performed in 1611 and was the last play that Shakespeare wrote. The main character, Prospero is thought to be a representation of Shakespeare as he controls all of the characters in the play just as Shakespeare controls the characters in his scripts also at the end of the play, Prospero asks the audiences permission to leave the stage in the epilogue, this could be seen as Shakespeare announcing his retirement: Let your indulgence set me free. The play suggests many differences between the primitive Caliban and the civilised Prospero. We see these on a number of occasions throughout the play as the two, very different personalities clash. Caliban is a portrayed as a primitive man, He acts on instinct and his basic urges to eat, sleep and reproduce. We see this when we learn why Prospero keeps Caliban as a slave. The audience would empaphise with Caliban, as he is very innocent although bestial. We will write a custom essay on William Shakespeares The Tempest, was first performed in 1611 and was the last play that Shakespeare wrote specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Whereas Caliban has no urge or desire for material possession or power, Prospero does. Prospero ideally sums up the civilised as he is educated and knows right from wrong. Prospero has lived in a world governed by laws whereas Caliban has only ever known his island, where there are no rules. Calibans first appearance on stage is in Act 1 Scene 2. As, he approaches Prospero; he immediately curses him using an image taken from nature. This shows the audience of the hate between Prospero and Caliban. We know this because Prospero previously calls Caliban a tortoise, so he is referring him to an animal, and the curses that Caliban uses: A south-west blow on ye, And blister you all oer. For Elizabethan times, the curses that Caliban directs to Prospero would be very severe and insulting. All of the curses are images taken from nature as Caliban refers to the wind, wildlife and dew on the ground. These images show that Caliban lives in harmony with nature and the island, and loves everything about wildlife: As wicked dewà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ravens feather. Prospero responds to Caliban by punishing him by threatening to order his spirits to hurt him in his sleep. Prospero treats Caliban, as a worthless creature that he feels should have no liberties, for what he tried to do to his beautiful Miranda. Even before this event though, Prospero didnt treat Caliban as equal, although he taught him about the world, he kept him as a pet. Now Caliban is forced to be a slave to Prospero who dismisses all curses Caliban and returns his own dehumanising insults: Hag-seed, henceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Abhorred slave Caliban has lived on the island all of his life as he was born there. His mother, Sycorax, who was a wickedly evil witch used to rule over the island but has since passed away. Caliban is also said to be the son of the Devil. This is why  Caliban has a disfigured appearance and has no idea of rules and boundaries. After Sycorax died had died, Caliban had become the ruler of the island, as there was just him and the spirits living there in harmony. When Prospero arrived on the island he used his magic to demand power and with this usurped the position of leader of the island from Caliban, much to the anger of the native. At first, Prospero taught Caliban language and how to understand life. Caliban was treated as if he was a pet: And teach me how to name the bigger light. As Miranda grew up there were no real clashes between Caliban and Prospero until Miranda reached her early teens. Calibans primitive, instinctive urges led him to attempting to rape Miranda. Prospero was enraged by this and ever since has forced Caliban into being a slave using the spirits to taunt him if he disobeys. Caliban is forced to live in a dark cave and has to collect food and wood for Prospero and his daughter. Caliban would feel very bitter about his and that he has lost his island: .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136 , .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136 .postImageUrl , .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136 , .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136:hover , .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136:visited , .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136:active { border:0!important; } .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136:active , .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136 .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9177faf987d70b310af9ed2d770c6136:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Romeo and Juliet is about two people who love each other but, because their families are enemies, they cannot be together EssayThis islands mine by Sycorax my mother. Prospero views himself as the beautiful white European and as Caliban is indigenous, he is looked upon by Prospero as ugly and different as he is not the same as Prosperos ideal. A reason for this is colonial arrogance. During the time this play was performed many British explorers were venturing to new shores around the world and setting up new colonies using the natives as labour or use them to help themselves. Prospero is just like these explorers who tries to utilise the skills of the indigenous people. I would cast Caliban as having dark tanned skin being played by a beautiful attractive man, just to emphasise the prejudice of Prospero: Freckled whelkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Filth as thou art Caliban would wear gowns made of natural materials. E.g leaves bark. He would also wear a shawl of what once was Prosperos, to show the audience that Prospero once respected him: Thou strokst me, and made Much of me. When Caliban has a soliloquy he would speak clearly and gently, to show his sensitive side but in the presence of Prospero his anger would engulf him and he would growl and snarl. Hen would walk with a slight limp, a sign of when the spirits hurt him, and crouched, as his cave is very small and cramped: Caliban snarling Caliban cowering Caliban would always look innocent to gain sympathy from the audience. After the Tempest, the crew of the ship became washed up on the shore of the island in a number of small groups. Stephano and Trinculo believe that they could make some money out of the being back in Europe: Were I in England now As I once was  And had this fish painted: not a holiday Fool there but give a piece of silver. Shakespeare is poking fun at the Elizabethan desire for spectacle and hard-heartedness. Caliban would be in awe of the two strangers especially Stephano as Caliban views him as his new leader and as his God, who has been sent from heaven Hast thou not droppd from heaven? Caliban would throw himself at the feet of Stephano in awe as if he is a God, and Caliban a forever-loyal servant. This shows how gullible he is and Shakespeare implies how Elizabethans believed in myths and legends. Caliban would circle Stephano and distance himself from Trinculo. He would hang on Stephanos every drunken word and spit at the ground where Trinculo has stood. Trinculo feels ashamed that he was scared of the savage and now he is jealous of Caliban that Stephano is paying more attention to Caliban. Stephano feels very special and important when Caliban is being very sycophantic towards him: Ill kiss thy foot. Caliban uses imagery connecting them to the heavens as he refers to Stephano as a brave God, or deity and he views the alcohol as if it has been sent from the heavens: celestial liquor. Caliban offers his only gift to Stephano in showing him the island. He offers himself to Stephano and curses Prospero: A plague upon the tyrant that I serve. The word tyrant, implies that Prospero exercises power in a harsh, cruel manner. Caliban sings and rejoices at the thought of no longer having to be a servant to Prospero. We know that Caliban loves the island because of his knowledge of the island and the imagery of nature that he uses. We can see that he is grateful that can finally show his love for his home. In Act 3 Scene 2 Caliban plots with Stephano and Trinculo to usurp Prospero from power and leadership of the island. As this takes place though, Ariel, Prosperos spirit servant plays a trick on the scheming group. I would stage this scene as the group on one side of the stage in a huddle with Trinculo nonchalantly leaning up against a tree mimicking Calibans comments in a jealous way. On the other side of the stage there would be a large rock. Ariel would hide behind this and when he would speak he would peek his head over the top so that the audience realise that it is Ariel. Ariel would call Caliban a liar, hide behind his rock and laugh with the audience at the unfolding events. This would be a joke between Ariel and the audience but the other three wouldnt have any idea what is going on. This is effective use of dramatic irony. We learn even more of the hatred of Prospero by Caliban in this scene. Caliban calls Prospero a tyrant and claims that he cheated the island from  him. Caliban describes Prospero to Stephano and Trinculo as an evil sorcerer and he intends to kill Prospero and help Stephano to claim the island. .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712 , .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712 .postImageUrl , .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712 , .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712:hover , .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712:visited , .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712:active { border:0!important; } .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712:active , .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712 .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ued8dee7947a5e8057a6779384edb1712:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, 1564-1606 EssayI would stage Caliban as when he talks about Prospero to talk with bitter anguish in his voice and act very aggressively and perhaps he could punch a tree as he describes the ways that they could kill Prospero in his sleep: Batter his skull, or paunch Him with a stake, or cut, His wezand with thy knife. These acts of violence emphasise the deep hatred that Caliban has for Prospero, he even believes that the spirits dislike him. Saying this could help get the audience on Calinbans side by trying to portray Prospero as a bad person. We learn about Calibans personality in this scene as the audience are shown of his intelligence when he tells the others of the best time and way to kill Prospero, by seizing his magic books. Caliban thinks Prospero is nothing without his magic and would stand no chance against the three men. He detests how Prospero can enchant the spirits into serving him through blackmail and false hope in the case of Prospero telling Ariel he would be free from duties. Towards the end of the scene, Ariel plays a tune on his tabor and pipe. This scares Stephano and Trinculo as they can hear music that is played by nobody. Caliban reassures the men that it is normal on the island to hear delightful music and gives a speech about it using imagery of soft sleep and dreaming along with beautiful instruments and light clouds to show his sensitive side and how he lives in harmony with the island as he often enjoys the delicate sounds of the spirits. The speech shows that the island is a very beautiful, fascinating place that is full of magical goings-on. Even with Prospero ruling over the island. In conclusion, I feel that Caliban has been the most interesting character in the play through the way Shakespeare has used Calibans language use and innocence to portray a good indication of what a tamed, savage being would be. I admire Caliban as he has not lost faith in his beautiful island and he will fight for what he believes in/against, even when it involves being subjected to physical pain. He even shows how sensitive and intelligent he can be even if he is usually aggressive and can sometimes act bestial: I cried to dream again. I think that Prospero was wrong to treat Caliban as a slave and although Caliban tried to rape Miranda, Prospero treats him badly and unfairly, as Caliban knew no better than to rely on his basic, primitive urges. I agree that Caliban should have been punished so that he can learn what is right and wrong, but on not such a severe scale. Prospero views him as a Devil who cannot be changed, but  when Prospero arrived on the island he must have thought differently because he taught him the ways of life: A devil, a born devil. Caliban realises that he has chosen to worship the wrong person when Stephano is only interested in possessions where Caliban is unmaterialistic and he does not want to hurt anyone or cause suffering, he just wants his island. The Tempest, raises the issue of colonial arrogance, which is relevant today, just as it was in Elizabethan times. Still, today, there are many Prosperos, who visit different cultures and believe the natives are different and therefore do not give them or their culture a chance. We learn in the end that the prejudiced people in the world will get what they deserve as in this case, the audience sees Prospero as quite a manipulative figure.

Countries, Nationalities, and Languages in French

Countries, Nationalities, and Languages in French Using the names of  countries around the world is fairly easy  if you have memorized them. This is an easy vocabulary lesson because the French names are very similar to what you are used to saying in English. The only tricky part is making sure you use the correct prepositions, which change with the gender of the country or continent youre discussing. Beyond the country name itself, we will learn the word describing the nationality of a countrys residents and the names of the primary languages spoken. Plus, we will review the names for the worlds continents.   Note that the additional letters required to make nationalities and  adjectives feminine are indicated in parentheses after the relevant words. Finally,  wherever you see a little speaker after a name, you can click on it and hear the word pronounced. The Continents (Les Continents) There are the seven continents of the world; seven is the prevailing convention at present, while some countries list six continents and others, five. Notice the similarities between the English and French names. The adjectives are very similar and can be used to describe the residents of each continent. Continent In French Adjective Africa Afrique Africain(e) Antarctica Antarctique Asia Asie Asiatique Australia Australie Australien(ne) Europe Europe Europà ©en(ne) North America Amà ©rique du Nord Nord-Amà ©ricain(e) South America Amà ©rique du Sud Sud-Amà ©ricain(e) Languages and Nationalities (Les Langues  et  Les  Nationalità ©s) It would be a very long list if we were to include every country in the world, so only a small selection is included in this lesson. It is designed to give you an idea of how countries, nationalities, and languages are translated between English and French; its intended as an indicative list, not a comprehensive list of countries. That said, we do have a comprehensive list of the French names for the worlds countries  elsewhere, which you do well to  review. For nationalities, the proper  noun  and adjective are exactly the same, except the proper noun is capitalized, while the adjective is not capitalized.  Thus:  un Amà ©ricain  but  un type amà ©ricain. You will also note that the masculine adjective for many of these countries is spelled and pronounced just like the languages.   Only the primary languages for each country are included in the list, though many countries have citizens who speak many languages. Also, note that the names of the languages are always masculine and are not capitalized. Country Name Name In French Nationality Language(s) Algeria Algà ©rie Algà ©rien(ne) l'arabe, le franà §ais Australia Australie Australien(ne) l'anglais Belgium Belgique Belge le flamand, le franà §ais Brazil Brà ©sil Brà ©silien(ne) le portugais Canada Canada Canadien(ne) le franà §ais, l'anglais China Chine Chinois(e) le chinois Egypt Egypte Égyptien(ne) l'arabe England Angleterre Anglais(e) l'anglais France France Franà §ais(e) le franà §ais Germany Allemagne Allemand(e) l'allemand India Inde Indien(ne) l'hindi (plus many others) Ireland Irlande Irlandais(e) l'anglais, l'irlandais Italy Italie Italien(ne) l'italien Japan Japon Japonais(e) le japonais Mexico Mexique Mexicain(e) l'espagnol Morocco Maroc Marocain(e) l'arabe, le franà §ais Netherlands Pays-Bas Nà ©erlandais(e) le nà ©erlandais Poland Pologne Polonais(e) le polonais Portugal Portugal Portugais(e) le portugais Russia Russie Russe le russe Senegal Sà ©nà ©gal Sà ©nà ©galais(e) le franà §ais Spain Espagne Espagnol(e) l'espagnol Switzerland Suisse Suisse l'allemand, le franà §ais, l'italien United States United Stats Amà ©ricain(e) l'anglais

The chemisrty in onions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The chemisrty in onions - Research Paper Example Some of these acids like the 1-propenesulfenic acid is acted upon by the lachrymatory factor synthase enzyme to produce a volatile gas known as syn-propanethial-S-oxide also referred to as onion lachrymatory factor. The syn-propanethial-S-oxide diffuses in the air and on reaching the eye; a stinging sensation is felt due to its activation on the sensory neurons (Block, 2010). The onion cells contain various different enzymes kept separate and upon cutting, the cells contents become free and mix with the acids kept in the onion forming volatile compounds. In the eye, a reaction occurs between the propanethiole S-oxide and the tears released from the tear glands forming a mild sulphuric acid stimulating rapid release of tears which in turn makes the situation more worse. The alliinase enzyme is responsible for breaking down onions compounds into unstable intermediates which either change into thiosulfinate or lachrymatory factor. Thiosulfinate is responsible for the distinct flavor and odor from the onions as well as converted into sulfur compounds that benefit the body by lowering the cholesterol levels, acting as anti-blood clotting, anti-asthma, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory. Research has confirmed that only one specific enzyme is responsible of causing the formation of the lachrymatory factor hence inhibiting it will stop crying and on the long run increase the thiosulfinate compounds yield. Several strategies ranging from laboratory research to local imaginations have been employed towards the production of tear free onions or the prevention of the lachrymatory factor from reaching the eyes by neutralizing it in the air. To start with, the New Zealand Crop and Food Research together with the Japan House Food Corporation in 2008 developed tear free onions aiming at less reaction and irritation to the eyes. The new variety, taste and look like the regular onions but the action of lachrymatory factor synthase enzyme is lowered through genetic alteration. Th e modification has been engineered through the production of genetically modified foods that have been said to contain the desired nutrients. Research refills that if onions are grown on sulfur deficient soils, the creation of lachrymatory factor and other sulfur compounds is reduced and sweet flavor enhanced. This is in relation to Vidalia; a brand of sweet onions (Imani, 2002). The local methods used in a daily basis include: Chopping onions while chewing gum. Though the method is not as certain to the expected results, less crying is evident but the coordination between keeping on chewing the gum as you cut the onions is tricky. At the end of it, less tears come out besides high levels of irritation. It has been found to be an easy and convenient method to use (Walter, 2006). The use of goggles is gaining popularity as it gives painless results. The goggles protect the eyes from the volatile gas hence no tears or stinging. They are easy and convenient to be used though it is an a dded cost and their tight grip causes uncomfortable moments (Dille, 1996). Another method fruitfully used is that of freezing the onions in the freezer for about 15 minutes before chopping. The temperature in the freezer is very low to an extent of inhibiting the onions from releasing chemicals that irritate the eyes. It is painless, no tears and irritation. The

Geologic History Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Geologic History - Assignment Example Movement of ice during the ice age pushed away huge rocks on its path while the action of volcanicity eroded several sedimentary material that later formed the Colorado river. The Colorado river with its massive water volume led to severe corrosion of the valley below to set up patterns that in turn became the Grand Canyon. The activity has since been slowed down due to absence of vast ice movement and also reduced human activities around the area since it had been declared a national park(Act of congress,1919). Some of the most predominant rocks within the Grand Canyon can be classified as Metamorphic-igneous basement rocks, Grand canyon supergroup,Tonto group, Surprise canyon,Supai group, Coconino and Mesozoic deposition. The Metamorphic and igneous basement rocks are believed to have been formed 1.8 billion years ago. They mainly contain volcanic deposits like ash, mud and lava- silt. It is also interesting to note that the Grand canyon super group contains about nine rock formations of small plates. This group was formed about 1.3 billion years ago and covers up flooded sections such as the Inner gorge. The Tonto group rock structure was formed due to explosion dating 500 million years back from conglomerates and sand deposited off shore. These group of rocks might have been carried vastly by the ice movement. Another rock structure within the Grand Canyon is the Surprise canyon. The Supai group was deposited about 300 million ago in Mississippian era too. It contains fossils of reptiles, amphibians and plant material deposit. The penultimate rock composition in the Grand Canyon is the Coconino group. It has fossils of species such as insects, plants and the vertebrates too. These rocks were created about 275 million years ago and are about 600 feet high. Finally, the Mesozoic rock deposition completes the rock composition in the grand canyon. These group of rocks were formed as a result of

Benevolent God and Problem of Evil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Benevolent God and Problem of Evil - Essay Example This paper is aimed at answering the question: â€Å"Is the presence of evil in the world compatible with the existence of a benevolent God?† Problem of Evil has been one of the greatest challenges to the existence of a benevolent God. It is argued that if God is benevolent, omniscient, and omnipotent, then why does evil exists in the world. In order to do this Problem of Evil and the possible responses to it are discussed. The responses are analysed to see if they are satisfactory and allow for an existence of a benevolent God and evil. Problem of Evil The fact that evil continues to occur in our world contradicts or challenges the existence of a benevolent God. If God is benevolent, along with being omnipotent and omniscient, then God must be good and kind to everybody. This means there must be no evil in the world which causes enormous suffering and pain to not just humans but all living beings. But this is not true. There is evil everywhere in the world and all beings are subjected to suffering and pain. Therefore, the existence of a benevolent, omnipotent and omniscient God and the presence of evil contradict each other. A benevolent God who is also omnipotent and omniscient must not tolerate such widespread evil and must eradicate it. If God is omnipotent and omniscient but does not eradicate the evil in the world means that God is no benevolent. On the other hand, if God is benevolent but still not eradicates evil means that God is either not omnipotent or omniscient. But there are people who believe that God is benevolent at the same time acknowledging the fact that there is evil in the world. This belief is very inconsistent and many have addressed this issue. Responses to Problem of Evil There are numerous responses from theologians and believers of benevolent God to the question raised about the problem of evil. Many have tried to solve this problem and find a solution that would put the argument of ‘Problem of Evil’. There aren’t any solutions and reasons that are perfectly logical. In fact, many proposed solutions are proven to be fallacious. But at the end it all comes down to faith. Those who do not believe in God go with the argument that questions the existence of God while those who believe in a benevolent God accept that reasoning given by theologians irrespective of logical shortcomings (Mackie, 1955). Following are some of the responses by theologians and theists to ‘Problem of Evil’: Evil is Necessary as a Counterpart to Good This is one of the most popula r responses that are used. For good to be present there needs to be evil. Evil is very essential for us to recognise the good that is around. Good is a counterpart to evil and the absence of one makes the other one irrelevant. The idea here is that if there was no evil then good would not make much sense. It is only with respect to evil that we can decide what is good and what is not. This can be best understood with the example of light and darkness. We can make the distinction between light and darkness only because we are aware of the two. If either one was absent, then there is no

Case Of Location Choice For Existing Organisation Business Essay

Case Of Location Choice For Existing Organisation Business Essay for an organisation. One of the key features of a conversion process manufacturing system is the efficiency with which the products services are transferred to the customers.This fact will include the determination of where to place the plant or facility.The selection of location is a key-decision as large investment is made in building plant and machinery. It is not advisable or not possible to change the location very often. So an improper location of plant may lead to waste of all the investments made in building and machinery, equipment. Before a location for a plant is selected, long range forecasts should be made anticipating future needs of the company. The plant location should be based on the companys expansion plan and policy, diversification plan for the products, changing market conditions, the changing sources of raw materials and many other factors that influence the choice of the location decision. The purpose of the location study is to find an optimum location one th at will result in the greatest advantage to the organization. The need for selecting a suitable location arises because of three situations. When starting a new organisation, i.e., location choice for the first time. In case of existing organisation. In case of Global Location. In Case of Location Choice for the First Time or New Organisations Cost economies are always important while selecting a location for the first time, but should keep in mind the cost of long-term business/organisational objectives. The following are the factors to be considered while selecting the location for the new organisations: Identification of region: The organisational objectives along with the various long-term considerations about marketing, technology, internal organisational strengths and weaknesses, region specific resources and business environment, legal-governmental environment, social environment and geographical environment suggest a suitable region for locating the operations facility. Choice of a site within a region: Once the suitable region is identified, the next step is choosing the best site from an available set. Choice of a site is less dependent on the organisations long-term strategies. Evaluation of alternative sites for their tangible and intangible costs will resolve facilities-location problem. The problem of location of a site within the region can be approached with the following cost-oriented non-interactive model, i.e., dimensional analysis. Dimensional analysis: If all the costs were tangible and quantifiable, the comparison and selection of a site is easy. The location with the least cost is selected. In most of the cases intangible costs which are expressed in relative terms than in absolute terms. Their relative merits and demerits of sites can also be compared easily. Since both tangible and intangible costs need to be considered for a selection of a site, dimensional analysis is used. In Case of Location Choice for Existing Organisation In this case a manufacturing plant has to fit into a multi-plant operations strategy. That is, additional plant location in the same premises and elsewhere under following circumstances: Plant manufacturing distinct products. Manufacturing plant supplying to specific market area. Plant divided on the basis of the process or stages in manufacturing. Plants emphasizing flexibility. The different operations strategies under the above circumstances could be: Plants manufacturing distinct products: Each plant services the entire market area for the organization. This strategy is necessary where the needs of technological and resource inputs are specialized or distinctively different for the different product-lines.For example, a high quality precision product-line should not be located along with other product-line requiring little emphasis on precision. It may not be proper to have too many contradictions such as sophisticated and old equipment, highly skilled and semi-skilled personnel,delicates processes and those that could permit rough handlings, all under one roof and one set of managers. Such a setting leads to much confusion regarding the required emphasis and the management policies. Product specialization may be necessary in a highly competitive market. It may be necessary to exploit the special resources of a particular geographical area. The more decentralized these pairs are in terms of the management and in terms of their physical location, the better would be the planning and control and the utilization of the resources. Manufacturing plants supplying to a specific market area: Here, each plant manufactures almost all of the companys products. This type of strategy is useful where market proximity consideration dominates the resources and technology considerations. This strategy requires great deal of coordination from the corporate office. An extreme example of this strategy is that of soft drinks bottling plants. Plants divided on the basis of the process or stages in manufacturing: Each production process or stage of manufacturing may require distinctively different equipment capabilities, labour skills, technologies, and managerial policies and emphasis. Since the products of one plant feed into the other plant, this strategy requires much centralized coordination of the manufacturing activities from the corporate office that are expected to understand the various technological aspects of all the plants. Plants emphasizing flexibility: This requires much coordination between plants to meet the changing needs and at the same time ensure efficient use of the facilities and resources. Frequent changes in the long-term strategy in order to improve be efficiently temporarily, are not healthy for the organization. In any facility location problem the central question is: Is this a location at which the company can remain competitive for a long time?For an established organization in order to add on to the capacity, following are the ways: Expansion of the facilities at the existing site: This is acceptable when it does not violate the basic business and managerial outlines, i.e., philosophies, purposes, strategies and capabilities. For example, expansion should not compromise quality, delivery, or customer service. Relocation of the facilities (closing down the existing ones): This is a drastic step which can be called as Uprooting and Transplanting. Unless there are very compelling reasons, relocation is not done. The reasons will be either bringing radical changes in technology, resource availability or other destabilization. All these factors are applicable to service organizations, whose objectives, priorities and strategies may differ from those of hardcore manufacturing organizations. In Case of Global Location Because of globalisation, multinational corporations are setting up their organizations in India and Indian companies are extending their operations in other countries. In case of global locations there is scope for virtual proximity and virtual factory.Reasons for global location are as follows Tangible Reasons: The tangible reasons for setting up an operations facility abroad could be as follows: Reaching the customer: One obvious reason for locating a facility abroad is that of capturing a share of the market expanding worldwide. The phenomenal growth of the GDP of India is a big reason for the multinationals to have their operations facilities in our country. An important reason is that of providing service to the customer promptly and economically which is logistics-dependent. Therefore, cost and case of logistics is a reason for setting up manufacturing facilities abroad. By logistics set of activities closes the gap between production of goods/services and reaching of these intended goods/services to the customer to his satisfaction. Reaching the customer is thus the main objective. The tangible and intangible gains and costs depend upon the company defining for itself as to what that reaching means. The tangible costs could be the logistics related costs; the intangible costs may be the risk of operating is a foreign country. The tangible gains are the immediate gains; the intangible gains are an outcome of what the company defines the concepts of reaching and customer for itself. Intangible Reasons: The intangible reasons for considering setting up an operations facility abroad could be as follows: Customer-related Reasons With an operations facility in the foreign country, the firms customers may feel secure that the firm is more accessible. Accessibility is an important service quality determinant. The firm may be able to give a personal tough. (c) The firm may interact more intimately with its customers and may thus understand their requirements better. (d) It may also discover other potential customers in the foreign location. Organisational Learning-related Reasons (a) The firm can learn advanced technology. For example, it is possible that cutting-edge technologies can be learn by having operations in an technologically more advanced country. The firm can learn from advanced research laboratories/universities in that country. Such learning may help the entire product-line of the company. (b) The firm can learn from its customers abroad. A physical location there may be essential towards this goal. (c) It can also learn from its competitors operating in that country. For this reason, it may have to be physically present where the action is. (d) The firm may also learn from its suppliers abroad. If the firm has a manufacturing plant there, it will have intensive interaction with the suppliers in that country from whom there may be much to learn in terms of modern and appropriate technology, modern management methods, and new trends in business worldwide. Other Strategic Reasons (a) The firm by being physically present in the host country may gain some local boy kind of psychological advantage. The firm is no more a foreign company just sending its products across international borders. This may help the firm in lobbying with the government of that country and with the business associations in that country. The firm may avoid political risk by having operations in multiple countries. (c) By being in the foreign country, the firm can build alternative sources of supply. The firm could, thus, reduce its supply risks. d) The firm could hunt for human capital in different countries by having operations in those countries. Thus, the firm can gather the best of people from across the globe. (e) Foreign locations in addition to the domestic locations would lower the market risks for the firm. If one market goes slow the other may be doing well, thus lowering the overall risk. F ACTORS INFLUENCING FACILITY LOCATION Facility location is the process of determining a geographic site for a firms operations.Managers of both service and manufacturing organizations must weigh many factors when assessing the desirability of a particular site, including proximity to customers and suppliers, labour costs, and transportation costs. Location conditions are complex and each comprises a different characteristics of a tangible (i.e. Freight rates, production costs) and non-tangible (i.e. reliability, Frequency security, quality) nature. Location conditions are hard to measure. Tangible cost based factors such as wages and products costs can be quantified precisely into what makes locations better to compare. On the other hand non-tangible features, which refer to such characteristics as reliability, availability and security, can only be measured along an ordinal or even nominal scale. Other non-tangible features like the percentage of employees that are unionized can be measured as well. To sum this up non-tangible features are very important for business location decisions. It is appropriate to divide the factors, which influence the plant location or facility location on the basis of the nature of the organisation as: General locational factors, which include controllable and uncontrollable factors for all type of organisations. Specific locational factors, specifically required for manufacturing and service organisations. Location factors can be further divided into two categories.Dominant factors are those derived from competitive priorities (cost, quality, time, and flexibility) and have a particularly strong impact on sales or costs. Secondary factors also are important, but management may downplay or even ignore some of them if other factors are more important. General Locational Factors Following are the general factors required for location of plant in case of all types of organisations. CONTROLLABLE FACTORS Proximity to markets: Every company is expected to serve its customers by providing goods and services at the time needed and at reasonable price organizations may choose to locate facilities close to the market or away from the market depending upon the product. When the buyers for the product are concentrated, it is advisable to locate the facilities close to the market. Locating nearer to the market is preferred if The products are delicate and susceptible to spoilage. After sales services are promptly required very often. Transportation cost is high and increase the cost significantly. Shelf life of the product is low. Nearness to the market ensures a consistent supply of goods to customers and reduces the cost of transportation. Supply of raw material: It is essential for the organization to get raw material in right qualities and time in order to have an uninterrupted production. This factor becomes very important if the materials are perishable and cost of transportation is very high. General guidelines suggested by Yaseen regarding effects of raw materials on plant location are: When a single raw material is used without loss of weight, locate the plant at the raw material source, at the market or at any point in between. When weight loosing raw material is demanded, locate the plant at the raw material source. When raw material is universally available, locate close to the market area. If the raw materials are processed from variety of locations, the plant may be situated so as to minimize total transportation costs. Nearness to raw material is important in case of industries such as sugar, cement, jute and cotton textiles. Transportation facilities: Speedy transport facilities ensure timely supply of raw materials to the company and finished goods to the customers. The transport facility is a prerequisite for Facility Location and Layout the location of the plant. There are five basic modes of physical transportation, air, road, rail,water and pipeline. Goods that are mainly intended for exports demand a location near to the port or large airport. The choice of transport method and hence the location will depend on relative costs, convenience, and suitability. Thus transportation cost to value added is one of the criteria for plant location. Infrastructure availability: The basic infrastructure facilities like power, water and waste disposal, etc., become the prominent factors in deciding the location. Certain types of industries are power hungry e.g., aluminum and steel and they should be located close to the power station or location where uninterrupted power supply is assured throughout the year. The non-availability of power may become a survival problem for such industries. Process industries like paper, chemical, cement, etc., require continuous. Supply of water in large amount and good quality, and mineral content of water becomes an important factor. A waste disposal facility for process industries is an important factor, which influences the plant location. Labour and wages: The problem of securing adequate number of labour and with skills specific is a factor to be considered both at territorial as well as at community level during plant location. Importing labour is usually costly and involve administrative problem. The history of labour relations in a prospective community is to be studied. Prospective community is to be studied. Productivity of labour is also an important factor to be considered. Prevailing wage pattern, cost of living and industrial relation and bargaining power of the unions forms in important considerations. External economies of scale: External economies of scale can be described as urbanization and locational economies of scale. It refers to advantages of a company by setting up operations in a large city while the second one refers to the settling down among other companies of related Industries. In the case of urbanization economies, firms derive from locating in larger cities rather than in smaller ones in a search of having access to a large pool of labour, transport facilities, and as well to increase their markets for selling their products and have access to a much wider range of business services. Location economies of scale in the manufacturing sector have evolved over time and have mainly increased competition due to production facilities and lower production costs as a result of lower transportation and logistical costs. This led to manufacturing districts where many companies of related industries are located more or less in the same area. As large corporations have realize d that inventories and warehouses have become a major cost factor, they have tried reducing inventory costs by launching Just in Time production system (the so called Kanban System). This high efficient production system was one main factor in the Japanese car industry for being so successful. Just in time ensures to get spare parts from suppliers within just a few hours after ordering. To fulfill these criteria corporations have to be located in the same area increasing their market and service for large corporations. Capital: By looking at capital as a location condition, it is important to distinguish the physiology of fixed capital in buildings and equipment from financial capital. Fixed capital costs as building and construction costs vary from region to region. But on the other hand buildings can also be rented and existing plants can be expanded. Financial capital is highly mobile and does not very much influence decisions. For example, large Multinational Corporations such as Coca7Cola operate in many different countries and can raise capital where interest rates are lowest and conditions are most suitable. Capital becomes a main factor when it comes to venture capital. In that case young, fast growing (or not) high tech firms are concerned which usually have not many fixed assets. These firms particularly need access to financial capital and also skilled educated employees. UNCONTROLLABLE FACTORS Government policy: The policies of the state governments and local bodies concerning labour laws, building codes, safety, etc., are the factors that demand attention. In order to have a balanced regional growth of industries, both central and state governments in our country offer the package of incentives to entrepreneurs in particular locations. The incentive package may be in the form of exemption from a safes tax and excise duties for a specific period, soft loan from financial institutions, subsidy in electricity charges and investment subsidy. Some of these incentives may tempt to locate the plant to avail these facilities offered. Climatic conditions: The geology of the area needs to be considered together with climatic conditions (humidity, temperature). Climates greatly influence human efficiency and behaviour. Some industries require specific climatic conditions e.g., textile mill will require humidity. Supporting industries and services: Now a day the manufacturing organisation will not make all the components and parts by itself and it subcontracts the work to vendors. So, the source of supply of component parts will be the one of the factors that influences the location.The various services like communications, banking services professional consultancy services and other civil amenities services will play a vital role in selection of a location. Community and labour attitudes: Community attitude towards their work and towards the prospective industries can make or mar the industry. Community attitudes towards supporting trade union activities are important criteria. Facility location in specific location is not desirable even though all factors are favouring because of labour attitude towards management, which brings very often the strikes and lockouts. Community infrastructure and amenity: All manufacturing activities require access to a community infrastructure, most notably economic overhead capital, such as roads, railways, port facilities, power lines and service facilities and social overhead capital like schools, universities and hospitals. These factors are also needed to be considered by location decisions as infrastructure is enormously expensive to build and for most manufacturing activities the existing stock of infrastructure provides physical restrictions on location possibilities. Specific Locational Factors for Manufacturing Organisation DOMINANT FACTORS Factors dominating location decisions for new manufacturing plants can be broadly classified in six groups. They are listed in the order of their importance as follows. Favourable labour climate: A favorable labour climate may be the most important factor in location decisions for labour-intensive firms in industries such as textiles furniture and consumer electronics. Labour climate includes wage rates, training requirements attitudes toward work, worker productivity and union strength. Many executives consider weak unions or low probability of union organizing efforts as a distinct advantage. Proximity to markets: After determining where the demand for goods and services is greatest, management must select a location for the facility that will supply that demand. Locating near markets is particularly important when the final goods are bulky or heavy and outbound transportation rates are high. For example, manufacturers of products such as plastic pipe and heavy metals all emphasize proximity to their markets. Quality of life: Good schools, recreational facilities, cultural events, and an attractive lifestyle contribute to quality of life. This factor is relatively unimportant on its own, but it can make the difference in location decisions. Proximity to suppliers and resources: In many companies, plants supply parts to other facilities or rely on other facilities for management and staff support. These require frequent coordination and communication, which can become more difficult as distance increases. Utilities, taxes, and real estate costs: Other important factors that may emerge include utility costs (telephone, energy, and water), local and state taxes, financing incentives offered by local or state governments, relocation costs, and land costs. SECONDARY FACTORS There are some other factors needed to be considered, including room for expansion, construction costs, accessibility to multiple modes of transportation, the cost of shuffling people and materials between plants, competition from other firms for the workforce, community attitudes, and many others. For global operations, firms are emphasizing local employee skills and education and the local infrastructure. Specific Locational Factors for Service Organisation DOMINANT FACTORS The factors considered for manufacturers are also applied to service providers, with one important addition the impact of location on sales and customer satisfaction. Customers usually look about how close a service facility is, particularly if the process requires considerable customer contact. 72 Proximity to customers: Location is a key factor in determining how conveniently customers can carry on business with a firm. For example, few people would like to go to remotely located dry cleaner or supermarket if another is more convenient. Thus the influence of location on revenues tends to be the dominant factor. Transportation costs and proximity to markets :For warehousing and distribution operations, transportation costs and proximity to markets are extremely important. With a warehouse nearby, many firms can hold inventory closer to the customer, thus reducing delivery time and promoting sales. location of competitors : One complication in estimating the sales potential at different location is the impact of competitors.Management must not only consider the current location of competitors but also try to anticipate their reaction to the firms new location. Avoiding areas where competitors are already well established often pays. However, in some industries, such as new-car sales showrooms and fastfood chains, locating near competitors is actually advantageous. The strategy is to create a critical mass, whereby several competing firms clustered in one location attract more customers than the total number who would shop at the same stores at scattered locations. Recognizing this effect, some firms use a follow -the leader strategy when selecting new sites. SECONDARY FACTORS Retailers also must consider the level of retail activity, residential density, traffic flow, and site visibility. Retail activity in the area is important, as shoppers often decide on impulse to go shopping or to eat in a restaurant. Traffic flows and visibility are important because businesses customers arrive in cars. Visibility involves distance from the street and size of nearby buildings and signs. High residential density ensures night time and weekend business when the population in the area fits the firms competitive priorities and target market segment. BANKS: PUNJAB NATIONAL BANK http://www.metlife.co.in/grfx/PNB_Logo.jpg Branches(ATMs) in south delhi Andrews Ganj Sheikh Sarai Katwaria Sarai Chirag Delhi Saket New Friends Colony Malviya Nagar Kotla Alaknanda Hauz Khas Sarvodaya Enclave Yusuf Sarai Govind Puri   Kalkaji Jiya Sarai Dakshinpuri Extn Today banks are performing all kinds of banking transactions and providing various financial services in order to make life easier for people. Customers are demanding speed and convenience in banking transactions, high efficiency and confidence in their investments and financing services with convenient limits and reasonable cost. Banks consider the demographic, economic and social characteristics of the geographical regions in branch site selection in order to provide the best financial services in line with their customers demands. Banks usually prefer regions with comparative advantage in terms of demographic, economic and socio-cultural characteristics when they are making decisions about opening or closing a branch at a region. However, they are faced with the question of which factors are more effective on selection of branch site with regards to regions. The determination of variables influencing branch site selection for regions would provide bank managers with effective insights into the selection of the most appropriate sites for opening bank branches. The banking sector in india has targeted making financial services more geographically widespread and accessible by increasing the number of branches and staff. India has cities and regions with very diverse developmental levels and the geographical distribution of the banking sector also shows a variety depending on the differences between the developmental levels of cities. RESTAURANT: PIZZA HUT https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSQSBl-iSS5IMggqyTvnOBOqlCvhFKoqp9XQfADwFFFZVyk0Vl9 https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdZs9M6LJQJyTk1qLaTdhkv8vAXgHlueIeseS2FF_HP7CH_6qCWtpI3mW1_c_yWJdwxrKW_Dq3jauQHQoQX6DiIdM19Do5bqSP-pAO0UCVlULCcVbuYLdrUOnZrwERF9E68JURMiGwxlEK/s400/Pizza_Hut_Logo.jpg Outlets in south Delhi There are 10 outlets of Pizza hut in south delhi 2 outlets in Green park 1 outlet in Vasant Vihar Greater Kailash Vasant Kunj Malviya Nagar Lajpat Nagar Alaknanda Saket New Friends Colony Factors affecting location facility of a Pizza Hut Population Base   Are there enough people in the area to support your business? For example, is the restaurant location in the heart of a thriving downtown shopping district, or along a busy freeway? There needs to be enough people who live in the area, or pass through the area on a regular basis to keep you busy. To determine the population base of a particular area, you can do a site study. Most people looking at their first restaurant dont have enough money in their budget for a professional survey. A less expensive method to determine the population base of certain area is to use a circle graph, as well as asking the local chamber of commerce and town office for more information. Parking Will there be enough parking to accommodate all the seats in your new restaurant? Ideally, a new restaurant location should have its own parking lot. If that isnt an option, is there public parking near the restaurant location? Accessibility Theres a reason that major restaurant chains are often located near highway and freeway exits: It makes them accessible for customers. Motorists can reach the restaurant without fighting traffic or driving out of their way. Most successful restaurant locations (but not all) are easy to find. Visibility   This goes along with accessibility an dis very important for new restaurant locations. People have to know the restaurant is there. This is why property prices in downtown districts and developed strips are higher than other areas. They offer a level of visibility that can bring in a great deal of walk-in business. Real-estate-value The real estate value of your location may be trending upward or downward and it helps to know what to expect. Higher property costs may involve a higher rent payment, but they may indicate a customer base with more disposable income to spend eating at your restaurant. Its important to address all these elements when you sit down to draft your  business plan for a new restaurant, which you will need before applying for a loan. In addition, by understanding each of these elements, you can better choose the right location for your new restaurant RETAIL SHOP: RELIANCE FRESH https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRxB9XgM4dReU5R2H327DAXmv0erka-GmEmUksYyde0bmbQqJpR https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGDVplmaqQYLwLhyphenhyphen9B4CMbiW5emE7wdnI2TLqwYjmQqCMxOFNkVN8_tbjr6j9226XjMpcS0BalZNFB3UnKfdudsZeEUalE1hXMiZVyRX-lrBUiKI_a1XYCKC3lgPx4zR7-ELMs06TeBCk/s1600/Reliance+fresh+logo..jpg Outlets in south Delhi Reliance fresh Arjun nagar Lado sarai Lajpat nagar Taimoor nagar Factors affecting facility location Location and Retail Strategy The selection of a location type must reinforce the retailers strategy. The location type decision needs to be consistent with the shopping behavior and size of its target market and the retailers positioning in its target market.  A critical factor affecting the location consumers select to visit is the shoppi

Violence in Media Leads to Desensitization and Aggression Essay

C.S. Lewis wrote that â€Å"murder [was] no better than cards if cards can do the trick. Indeed the safest road to Hell is the gradual one--the gentle slope, soft underfoot, without sudden turnings, without milestones, without signposts†. This quote's claim can be used to describe the consequences of media violence. Even the most appalling crimes can, gradually, deteriorate the moral compass that have been built up due to society, family values and religion. Despite what some may think, violence would not come in sudden burst of energy, instantly is recognizable, that would undue a person, but a slow pace that would be easing into violence that would be the cause. There would not be any warnings or â€Å"signposts†, to distinguish between being too close to the edge and finding amusement in, levels of violence, that years prior would have been unthinkable. Viewing violence on media outlets leads to desensitization towards violence and can encourage outward aggression. W hile there is research that claims the opposite, this paper will review the scholarship that disproves these claims and shows that media has a tangible effect on children. This paper will strive to prove this point by analyzing an article written on a relating current event, several articles that provide research about the subject and opposing viewpoints. The first to be discussed is the event that took place three years ago. Bullying, while nothing new, is done in a completely new way than ever before thanks to the Internet. In 2008, eight teenagers (six girls and two boys) lured then beaten and taunted another teenager girl, filming it and posting it to various websites such as YouTube and Myspace (Associated Press, 2009). While the amount of footage that was taken amount... ...and the media. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications, 2001. 223-254. National Center for Children Exposed to Violence . "Statistics (Violence in the Media ) - National Center for Children Exposed to Violence NCCEV." The National Center For Children Exposed to Violence . http://www.nccev.org/violence/statistics/statistics-media.html (accessed April 17, 2012). Van Der Molen, Juiette H. Walma. "Violence and Suffering in Television News: Toward a Broader Conception of Harmful Television Content for Children." Pediatrics 113, no. 6 (2004): 1771-1775. http://ezproxy.roosevelt.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13164910&site=ehost-live (accessed April 10, 2012). Vollmann, William T.. "Guns in the USA." In Rising up and rising down: some thoughts on violence, freedom and urgent means. 2003. Reprint, New York: Ecco, 2004. 365.